EduCare Institute of Medical & Engineering Entrance | Best NEETJEE Entrance Education Center in Kolkata

NEET 2028 Syllabus

NEET ( Online Exam : 3 hr 15 mins )
Number of Question : 45 \| Total Marks : 180		Number of Question : 45 \| Total Marks : 180		Number of Question : 90 \| Total Marks : 360
Physics		Chemistry		Biology ( Zoology + Botany )
Class 11	Class 12	Class 11	Class 12	Class 11	Class 12
1. PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT	1. ELECTROSTATICS	1. SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY	1. SOLUTIONS	1. UNIT I: DIVERSITY IN LIVING WORLD	1. UNIT VI: REPRODUCTION
KINEMATICS	CURRENT ELECTRICITY	ATOMIC STRUCTURE	ELECTROCHEMISTRY	UNIT II: STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS	UNIT VII: GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
LAWS OF MOTION	MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM	CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES	CHEMICAL KINETICS	UNIT III: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION	UNIT VIII: BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE
WORK, ENERGY, AND POWER	ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS	CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE	p - BLOCK ELEMENTS	UNIT IV: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY	UNIT IX: BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
ROTATIONAL MOTION	ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES	CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS	d - AND f- BLOCK ELEMENTS	UNIT V: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY	UNIT X: ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
GRAVITATION	OPTICS	CHEMICAL & IONIC EQUILIBRIUM	CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS
PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS	DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION	REDOX REACTIONS	ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HALOGENS
THERMODYNAMICS	ATOMS AND NUCLEI	SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY	ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN ( Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers )
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES	ELECTRONIC DEVICES	HYDROCARBONS	ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN ( Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids )
OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES		PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS	ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN
			BIOMOLECULES

Physics

Class XI :

1. PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT

1. Units of Measurements.
2. System of Units.
3. SI Units.
4. Fundamental and Derived Units.
5. Least Count.
6. Significant Figures.
7. Errors in Measurements.
8. Dimensions of Physical Quantities.
9. Dimensional Analysis and Its Applications.

Study Materials

1. Physical World.
2. Units and Measurements.

Realted Videos

PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT.

2. KINEMATICS

1. The Frame of Reference.
2. Motion in Straight Line.
3. Position Time Graph, Speed and Velocity .
4. Uniform and Non-Uniform Motion.
5. Average Speed and Instantaneous Velocity.
6. Uniformly Accelerated Motion.
7. Velocity-Time, Position-Time Graph.
8. Relations for Uniformly Accelerated Motion.
9. Scalar Quantities and Vector Quantities.
10. Addition and Subtraction of Vectors.
11. Scalar and Vector Product.
12. Unit Vector.
13. Resolution of a Vector.
14. Relative Velocity.
15. Motion in a plane.
16. Projectile Motion.
17. Uniform Circular Motion.

Study Materials

1. Motion in a Straight Line.
2. Position, Displacement and Velocity.
3. Acceleration.
4. Motion in a Plane.
5. Vector Product of Two Vectors.
6. Rotational Kinematics.

Realted Videos

KINEMATICS.

3. LAWS OF MOTION

1. Force & Inertia.
2. Newton's First Law of Motion.
3. Momentum and Newton's Second Law of Motion.
4. Impulse.
5. Newton's Third Law of Motion.
6. Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum and Its Applications.
7. Equilibrium of Concurrent Forces.
8. Static and Kinetic Friction.
9. Laws of Friction.
10. Rolling Friction.
11. Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion.
12. Centripetal Force and Its Applications.
13. Examples of Circular Motion ( Vehicle on a Level Circular Road,Vehicle on a Banked Road ).

Study Materials

1. Equations of Motion.
2. Relative Motion.
3. Two Dimensional Motion.
4. Projectile Motion.
5. Uniform Circular Motion.
6. Laws of Motion.
7. Moment of Inertia.
8. Rolling Motion.

Realted Videos

LAWS OF MOTION.

4. WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

1. Work Done by a Constant Force and a Variable Force.
2. Kinetic and Potential Energy.
3. Work-Energy Theorem.
4. Power.
5. Potential Energy of a Spring Conservation of Mechanical Energy.
6. Conservative Forces & Non-Conservative Forces.
7. Motion in a Vertical Circle.
8. Elastic and Inelastic Collisions in One and Two Dimension.

Study Materials

1. Work, Energy and Power.

Realted Videos

WORK, ENERGY AND POWER.

5. ROTATIONAL MOTION

1. Centre of Mass of a Two-Particle System.
2. Centre of Mass of a Rigid Body.
3. Basic concepts of rotational motion
4. Moment of a Force.
5. Torque.
6. Angular Momentum.
7. Conservation of Angular Momentum and Its Applications.
8. Moment of Inertia.
9. Radius of Gyration.
10. Values of Moments of Inertia for Simple Geometrical Objects.
11. Parallel and Perpendicular Axes Theorems and Their Applications
12. Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies.
13. Rigid Body Rotation and Equations of Rotational Motion.
14. Comparison of Linear and Rotational Motion.

Study Materials

1. Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion.
2. Dynamics of Rotational Motion about a fixed Axis.

Realted Videos

ROTATIONAL MOTION.

6. GRAVITATION

1. Universal Law of Gravitation.
2. Acceleration Due to Gravity and Its Variation with Altitude and Depth.
3. Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion.
4. Gravitational Potential Energy and Gravitational Potential.
5. Escape Velocity.
6. Motion of a Satellite.
7. Orbital Velocity of a Satellite.
8. Time Period and Energy of Satellite.

Study Materials

1. Gravitation.

Realted Videos

GRAVITATION.

7. PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS

1. Elastic Behaviour.
2. Stress-Strain Relationship.
3. Hooke's Law.
4. Young's Modulus.
5. Bulk Modulus.
6. Modulus of Rigidity.
7. Pressure Due to a Fluid Column.
8. Pascal's Law and Its Applications .
9. Effect of Gravity on Fluid Pressure.
10. Viscosity.
11. Stokes' Law.
12. Terminal Velocity.
13. Streamline and Turbulent Flow.
14. Critical Velocity.
15. Bernoulli's Theorem and Its Applications.
16. Surface Energy and Surface Tension.
17. Angle of Contact.
18. Excess Pressure Across a Curved Surface.
19. Applications of Surface Tension Ideas to Drops,Bubbles and Capillary Rise.
20. Heat.
21. Temperature.
22. Thermal Expansion.
23. Anomalous Expansion of Water.
24. Specific Heat Capacity.
25. Calorimetry.
26. Change of State .
27. Latent Heat Capacity.
28. Heat Transfer - Conduction,Conduction,Convection and Radiation.
29. Thermal Conductivity.

Study Materials

1. Mechanical Properties of Solids.
2. Buoyancy and Archimedes’ Principle.
3. Viscosity.
4. Surface Tension.
5. Mechanical Properties of Fluid.
6. Equation of Continuity and Bernoulli’s Principle.
7. Thermal Properties of Matter.

Realted Videos

PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS.

8. THERMODYNAMICS

1. Thermal Equilibrium.
2. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics.
3. Heat,Work and Internal Energy.
4. First Law of Thermodynamics.
5. Isothermal and Adiabatic Process.
6. Second Law of Thermodynamics.
7. Reversible and Irreversible Processes.

Study Materials

1. Thermodynamics.
2. Calorimetry and Heat Transfer.
3. Heat Capacity and Change of State.

Realted Videos

THERMODYNAMICS.

9. KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

1. Equation of State of a Perfect Gas.
2. Work Done in Compressing a Gas.
3. Kinetic Theory of Gases - Assumptions.
4. The Concept of Pressure.
5. Kinetic Interpretation of Temperature.
6. RMS Speed of Gas Molecules.
7. Degrees of Freedom.
8. Law of Equipartition of Energy ( Statement Only ) and Applications to Specific Heat Capacities of Gases.
9. Concept of Mean Free Path.
10. Avogadro's Number.

Study Materials

1. Kinetic Theory of Gases.

Realted Videos

KINETIC THEORY OF GASES.

10. OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES

1. Oscillations and Periodic Motion - Time Period, Frequency ,Displacement as a Function of Time
2. Periodic Functions.
3. Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)and Its Equation.
4. Phase.
5. Oscillations of a Loaded Spring : Restoring Force and Force Constant.
6. Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion.
7 Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy.
8. Simple Pendulum Derivation of Expression For Its Time Period.
9. Wave Motion.
10. Transverse and Longitudinal Waves.
11. Speed of Travelling Wave.
12. Displacement Relation for a Progressive Wave.
13. Principle of Superposition of Waves.
14. Reflection of Waves.
15. Standing Waves in Strings and Organ Pipes.
16. Fundamental Mode and Harmonics.
17. Beats.

Study Materials

1. Oscillations.

Realted Videos

OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES.

Class XII :

1. ELECTROSTATICS

1. Electric Charges.
2. Conservation of Charge.
3. Coulomb's Law Force Between Two Point Charges.
4. Forces Between Multiple Charges.
5. Superposition Principle and Continuous Charge Distribution.
6. Electric Field.
7. Electric Field Due to a Point Charge, Electric Field Lines.
8. Electric Field Due to an Electric Dipole.
9. Torque on a Dipole in a Uniform Electric Field.
10. Electric Flux.
11. Gauss's Law and Its Applications to Find Field Due to Infinitely Long Uniformly Charged Straight Wire.
12. Uniformly Charged Infinite Plane Sheet.
13. Uniformly Charged Thin Spherical Shell.
14. Electric Potential.
15. Electric potential and Its Calculation For a Point Charge.
16. Electric Potential Due to a Point Charge.
17. Electric Dipole and System of Charges.
18. Potential Difference.
19. Equipotential Surfaces.
20. Electrical Potential Energy of a System of Two Point Charges.
21. Electrical Potential Energy of an Electric Dipole in an Electrostatic Field.
22. Conductors and Insulators.
23. Free Charges Inside a Conductor.
24. Bound Charges Inside a Conductor.
25. Dielectrics and Electric Polarisation.
26. Capacitors and Capacitance.
27. Combination of Capacitors in Series.
28. Combination of Capacitors in Parallel.
29. Capacitance of a Parallel Plate Capacitor With and Without Dielectric Medium Between The Plates.
30. Energy Stored in a Capacitor.

Study Materials

1. Electric Charges and Fields.
2. Coulomb’s Law.
3. Electric Field.
4. Electric Dipole.
5. Electric Flux and Continuous Charge Distribution.
6. Gauss’s Law and its Applications.
7. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance.
8. Potential Energy in an External Field.

Realted Videos

ELECTROSTATICS.

2. CURRENT ELECTRICITY

1. Electric Current.
2. Drift Velocity.
3. Mobility and Their Relation Between Drift Velocity.
4. Ohm's Law.
5. Electrical Resistance.
6. V-l Characteristics of Ohmic and Non-Ohmic Conductors.
7. Electrical Energy and Power.
8. Electrical Resistivity and Conductivity.
9. Series and Parallel Combinations of resistors.
10. Temperature Dependence of Resistance.
11. Internal Resistance.
12. Potential Difference and Electromotive Force (EMF) of a Cell.
13. Combination of Cells in Series and Parallel.
14. Kirchhoff's Laws and Their Applications .
15. Wheatstone Bridge.
16. Metre Bridge.

Study Materials

1. Current Electricity.
1. Ohm’s Law and Resistivity.
1. Power, Resistance and Cell.
1. Kirchhoff’s Laws and Combination of Cells.
1. Electrical Devices.

Realted Videos

CURRENT ELECTRICITY.

3. MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM

1. Biot-Savart Law and it's Application to a Current Carrying Circular Loop.
2. Ampere's Law and it's Applications to Infinitely Long Current Carrying Straight Wire and Solenoid.
3. Force on a Moving Charge in a Uniform Magnetic and Electric Field.
4. Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor in a Uniform Magnetic Field.
5. The Force Between Two Parallel Current-Carrying Conductors - Definition of Ampere.
6. Torque Experienced by a Current Loop in a Uniform Magnetic Field.
7. Moving Coil Galvanometer.
8. It's Sensitivity and Conversion to Ammeter and Voltmeter.
9. Current Loop as a Magnetic Dipole and it's Magnetic Dipole Moment.
10. Bar Magnet as an Equivalent Solenoid.
11. Magnetic Field Lines.
12. Magnetic Field Due to a Magnetic Dipole (Bar Magnet) Along its Axis and Perpendicular to Its Axis.
13. Torque on a Magnetic Dipole in a Uniform Magnetic Field.
14. Paramagnetic , Diamagnetic and Ferromagnetic Substances with Examples.
15. Effect of Temperature on Magnetic Properties.

Study Materials

1. Moving Charges and Magnetism.
2. Motion of a charged particle in electric and magnetic field.
3. Magnetic field due to current carrying conductors.
4. Force and Torque due to current carrying conductors.
5. Magnetism and Matter.

Realted Videos

MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM.

4. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS

1. Electromagnetic Induction.
2. Faraday's Laws.
3. Induced EMF and Current.
4. Induced .
5. Eddy Currents.
6. Self and Mutual Induction.
7. Alternating Current (AC).
8. Peak and RMS Value of Alternating Current and Voltage.
9. Reactance and Impedance.
10. LCR Series Circuit.
11. Resonance .
12. Power in AC Circuits.
13. Wattless Current.
14. AC Generator.
15. Transformer.

Study Materials

1. Alternating Current.
2. Electromagnetic Waves.
3. Electromagnetic Induction.

Realted Videos

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS 01.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS 01.

5. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

1. Displacement Current.
2. Electromagnetic Waves and Their Characteristics.
3. Transverse Nature of Electromagnetic Waves.
4. Electromagnetic Spectrum ( Radio Waves , Microwaves , Infrared , Visible , Ultraviolet , X-Rays , Gamma Rays ).
5. Applications of e.m. Waves.

Study Materials

1. Units and Measurements.
1. Units and Measurements.
1. Units and Measurements.

Realted Videos

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.

6. OPTICS

1. Reflection of Light.
2. Spherical Mirrors.
3. Mirror Formula.
4. Refraction of Light at Plan and Spherical Surfaces.
5. Thin Lens Formula and Lens Maker Formula.
6. Total Internal Reflection and Its Applications.
7. Magnification.
8. Power of a Lens.
9. Combination of Thin Lenses in Contact.
10. Refraction of Light Through a Prism.
11. Microscopic and Astronomical Telescopes (Reflecting and Refracting ) and Their Magnifying Power.
12. Wave Optics.
13. Wavefront and Huygens' Principle.
14. Laws of Reflection and Refraction Using Huygens' Principle.
15. Interference.
16. Young's Double Slit Experiment and Expression for Fringe Width.
17. Coherent Sources and Sustained Interference of Light.
18. Diffraction Due to a Single Slit.
19. Width of Central Maximum.
20. Polarisation.
21. Plane Polarised Light.
22. Brewster's Law.
23. Uses of Plane Polarised Light and Polaroids.

Study Materials

1. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments.
2. Refraction at curved surfaces and Lenses.
3. Refraction at curved surfaces and Lenses.
4. Prism and Natural Phenomenon.
5. Wave Optics.
6. Interference.
7. Diffraction.
8. Polarisation.

Realted Videos

OPTICS - Reflection.
OPTICS - Refraction.

7. DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION

1. Dual Nature of Radiation.
2. Photoelectric Effect.
3. Hertz's and Lenard's Observations.
4. Einstein's Photoelectric Equation.
5. Particle Nature of Light.
6. Matter Waves.
7. Wave Nature of Particles.
8. De Broglie Relation.

Study Materials

1. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter.
2. Photoelectric Equation and Photon.
3. Wave Nature of Matter.

Realted Videos

DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION.

8. ATOMS AND NUCLEI

1. Alpha-Particle Scattering Experiment.
2. Rutherford's Model of Atom.
3. Bohr Model of Atom.
4. Energy Levels in an Atom.
5. Hydrogen Spectrum.
6. Composition of Nucleus.
7. Size of Nucleus.
8. Atomic Masses.
9. Mass-Energy Relation.
10. Mass Defect.
11. Binding Energy per Nucleon nd it's Variation with Mass Number.
12. Nuclear Fission.
13. Nuclear Fusion.

Study Materials

1. Atoms.
2. Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom.
3. Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Reactions.
4. Nuclei.
5. Radioactivity.

Realted Videos

ATOMS AND NUCLEI.

9. ELECTRONIC DEVICES

1. Semiconductors.
2. Semiconductor Diode.
3. I-V Characteristics in Forward and Reverse Bias.
4. Diode as a Rectifier.
5. I-V Characteristics of LED.
6. The Photodiode.
7. Solar Cell.
8. Zener Diode.
9. Zener Diode as a Voltage Regulator.
10. Logic Gates.
11. OR Gate.
12. AND Gate.
13. NOT Gate.
14. NAND Gate.
15. NOR Gate.

Study Materials

1. Semiconductor Electronics.
2. p-n Junction .
3. Special Purpose p-n Junction Diode.
4. Junction Transistor.
5. Digital Communication and Logic Gates.

Realted Videos

ELECTRONIC DEVICES.

Chemistry

Class XI :

1. SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY

1. Nature of Matter.
2. Dalton's Atomic Theory.
3. Concept of Atoms.
4. Molecules.
5. Elements.
6. Compound.
7. Laws of Chemical Combination.
8. Atomic and Molecular Mass.
9.. Mole Concept.
10. Molar Mass.
11. Percentage Composition.
12. Empirical Formula.
13. Molecular Formula.
14. Chemical Reactions.
15. Stoichiometry.

Study Materials

1. Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry.
2. Chemistry in Everyday life.

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SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY.

2. ATOMIC STRUCTURE

1. Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation.
2. Photoelectric Effect.
3. Spectrum of The Hydrogen Atom.
4. Bohr Model of a Hydrogen Atom - its Postulates.
5. Derivation of The Relations For The Energy of The Electron and Radii of The Different Orbits.
6. Limitations of Bohr's Model.
7. Dual Nature of Matter.
8. De Broglie's Relationship.
9. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.
10. Elementary Ideas of Quantum Mechanics.
11. Quantum Mechanics.
12. The Quantum Mechanical Model of The Atom and its Important Features.
13. Concept of Atomic Orbitals as One-Electron Wave Functions.
14. Variation of  and 2 With r for 1s and 2s Orbitals.
15. Various Quantum Numbers (Principal, Angular Momentum, and Magnetic Quantum Numbers) and Their Significance.
16. Shapes of s, p, and d-Orbitals.
17. Electron Spin and Spin Quantum Numbers.
18. Rules For Filling Electrons in Orbitals – Aufbau Principle.
19. Pauli's Exclusion Principle.
20. Hund's Rule.
21. Electronic Configuration of Elements.
22. Extra Stability of Half-Filled and Completely Filled Orbitals.

Study Materials

1. Structure of Atom.

Realted Videos

ATOMIC STRUCTURE.

3. CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES

1. Modern Periodic Law.
2. Present Form of the Periodic Table.
3. s, p. d and f Block Elements.
4. Periodic Trends in Properties of Elements.
5. Atomic Radii.
6. Ionic Radii.
7. Ionization Enthalpy.
8. Electron Gain Enthalpy.
9. Valence.
10. Oxidation States.
11. Chemical Reactivity.

Study Materials

1. Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties.

Realted Videos

CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES.

4. CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

1. Kossel - Lewis Approach to Chemical Bond Formation.
2. The Concept of Ionic and Covalent Bonds
3. Ionic Bonding: Formation of Ionic Bonds.
4. Factors Affecting The Formation of Ionic Bonds
5. Calculation of Lattice Enthalpy
6. Covalent Bonding: Concept of Electronegativity.
7. Fajan’s Rule.
8. Dipole Moment.
9. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR ) Theory and Shapes of Simple Molecules.
10. Quantum Mechanical Approach to Bovalent Bonding.
11. Valence Bond Theory - Its Important Features.
12. The Concept of Hybridization Involving s, p, and d Orbitals.
13. Resonance.
14. Molecular Orbital Theory - Its Important Features. LCAOs.
15. Types of Molecular Orbitals (Bonding, Antibonding).
16. Sigma and pi-Bonds.
17. Molecular Orbital Electronic Configurations of Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules.
18. The Concept of Bond Order.
19. Bond Length and Bond Energy.
20. Elementary Idea of Metallic Bonding.
21. Hydrogen Bonding and Its Applications.

Study Materials

1. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure.

Realted Videos

CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE.

5. CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

1. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics.
2. System and Surroundings.
3. Extensive and Intensive Properties.
4. State Functions.
5. Types of Processes.
6. The First Law of Thermodynamics - Concept of Work.
7. Heat Internal Energy and Enthalpy.
8. Heat Capacity.
9. Molar Heat Capacity.
10. Hess's Law of Constant Heat Summation.
11. Enthalpies of Bond Dissociation.
12. Combustion,.
13. Formation.
14. Atomization.
15. Sublimation.
16. Phase Transition.
17. Hydration.
18. Ionization and Solution.
19. The Second Law of Thermodynamics - Spontaneity of Processes.
20. S of The Universe and G of The System as Criteria For Spontaneity.
21. G (Standard Gibbs Energy Change) and Equilibrium Constant.

Study Materials

1. Thermodynamics.
1. States of Matter.

Realted Videos

CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS.

6. CHEMICAL & IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

1. Equilibrium.
2. The Concept of Dynamic Equilibrium
3. Equilibrium in Physical Processes.
4. Solid-Liquid
5. Liquid - Gas and Solid-Gas Equilibria
6. Henry's Law
7. General Characteristics of Equilibrium Involving Physical Processes
8. Equilibrium in Chemical Processes.
9. Law of Chemical Equilibrium
10. Equilibrium Constants (Kp and Kc) and Their Significance
11. The Significance of G and G in Chemical Equilibrium
12. Factors Affecting Equilibrium Concentration
13. Pressure
14. Temperature
15. The Effect of Catalyst
16. Le Chatelier’s Principle
17. Ionic Equilibrium
18. Weak and Strong Electrolytes.
19. Ionization of Electrolytes.
20. Various Concepts of Acids and Bases (Arrhenius. Bronsted - Lowry and Lewis) and Their Ionization.
21. Acid-Base Equilibria (Including Multistage Ionization) and Ionization Constants.
22. Ionization of Water.
23. pH Scale.
24. Common Ion Effect.
25. Hydrolysis of Salts and pH of Their Solutions.
26. The Solubility of Sparingly Soluble Salts and Solubility Sroducts.
27. Buffer Solutions.

Study Materials

1. Equilibrium.

Realted Videos

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM.
IONIC EQUILIBRIUM.

7. REDOX REACTIONS

1. Oxidation.
2. Reduction.
3. Redox Reactions.
4. Identification of Redox Reactions.
5. Oxidation Number.
6. Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers.
7. Calculation of Oxidation Numbers.
8. Balancing Redox Reactions.

Study Materials

1. Redox Reaction.

Realted Videos

REDOX REACTIONS.

8. SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1. General Introduction to Organic Chemistry.
2. Methods of Purification of Organic Compounds.
3. Tetravalency of Carbon.
4. Shapes of Simple Molecules - Hybridization (s and p).
5. Classification of Organic Compounds Based on Functional Groups and Those Containing Halogens, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulphur; Homologous Series.
6. Isomerism - Structural and Stereoisomerism.
7. Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC).
8. Covalent Bond Fission.
9. Homolytic Fission of a Covalent Bond.
10. Heterolytic Fission of a Covalent Bond.
11. Free Radicals.
12. Carbocations.
13. Carbanions.
14. Stability of Carbocations and Free Radicals.
15. Electrophiles.
16. Nucleophiles.
17. Electronic Displacement In a Covalent Bond.
18. Inductive Effect.
19. Electromeric Effect.
20. Resonance.
21. Hyperconjugation.
22. Common Types of Organic Reactions.
23. Addition Reactions.
24. Substitution Reactions.
25. Elimination Reactions.
26. Rearrangement Reactions.

Study Materials

1. Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques.

Realted Videos

SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.

9. HYDROCARBONS

1. Classification of Hydrocarbons.
2. Isomerism in Alkanes.
3. IUPAC Nomenclature.
4. General Methods of Preparation.
5. Properties.
6. Reactions.
7. Alkanes
8. Conformations
9. Sawhorse and Newman Projections (of Ethane)
10. Mechanism of
11. Halogenation of Alkanes
12. Alkenes.
13. Physical Properties of Alkenes.
14. Methods of Preparation of Alkenes.
15. Geometrical Isomerism.
16. Mechanism of Electrophilic Addition.
17. Addition of Hydrogen to Alkenes.
18. Addition of Halogens to Alkenes.
19. Addition of Water to Alkenes.
20. Addition of Hydrogen Halides to Alkenes ( Markovnikov's Rule and Peroxide Effect ).
21. Ozonolysis and polymerization..
22. Alkynes.
23. Physical Properties of Alkynes.
24. Methods of Preparation of Alkynes.
25. Acidic Character of Alkynes.
26. Addition of Hydrogen to Alkynes.
27. Addition of Halogens to Alkynes.
28. Addition of Hydrogen Halides to Alkynes.
29. Addition of Water to Alkynes.
30. Polymerization.
31. Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
32. Introduction to Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
33. IUPAC Nomenclature of Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
34. Benzene structure and Aromaticity.
35. Mechanism of Electrophilic Substitution.
36. Nitration of Benzene.
37. Halogenation of Benzene.
38. Friedel-Crafts Alkylation.
39. Friedel-Crafts Acylation.
40. Directive Influence of Functional Group in Mono-Substituted Benzene.

Study Materials

1. Hydrocarbons.

Realted Videos

HYDROCARBONS.

10. PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

1. Purification.
2. Crystallization.
3. Sublimation.
4. Distillation,.
5. Differential Extraction.
6. Chromatography - Principles and Their Applications.
7. Qualitative Analysis
8. Detection of Nitrogen
9. Sulphur,
10. Phosphorus,
11. Halogens.
12. Quantitative Analysis : Basic Principles Only.
13. Estimation of Carbon.
14. Hydrogen.
15. Nitrogen.
16. Halogens.
17. Sulphur.
18. Phosphorus.
19. Calculations of Empirical Formulae and Molecular Formulae.
20. Numerical Problems in Organic Quantitative Analysis.

Study Materials

1. Hydrocarbons.

Realted Videos

PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.

Class XII :

1. SOLUTIONS

1. Different Methods for Expressing the Concentration of Solution.
2. Mole Fraction.
3. Molarity.
4. Molality.
5. Mass Percentage.
6. Volume Percentage.
7. The Vapour Pressure of Solutions and Raoult's Law - Ideal and Non-Ideal Solutions.
8. Vapour Pressure - Composition.
9. Plots For Ideal and Non-Ideal Solutions.
10. Colligative Properties of Dilute Solutions - A Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure.
11. Depression of Freezing Point.
12. Elevation of Boiling Point.
13. Osmotic Pressure.
14. Determination of Molecular Mass Using Colligative Properties.
15. Abnormal Value of Molar Masses.
16. Van't Hoff Factor and its Significance.

Study Materials

1. Solid State & Its Classification.

Realted Videos

SOLUTIONS.

2. ELECTROCHEMISTRY

1. Electrolytic and metallic Conduction.
2. Conductance in Electrolytic Solutions.
3. Molar Conductivity.
4. Variation with Concentration.
5. Kohlrausch's Law.
6. Applications of Kohlrausch's Law.
7. Electrochemical Cells.
8. Electrolytic and Galvanic Cells.
9. Different Types of Electrodes.
10. Electrode Potentials Including Standard Electrode Potential.
11. Half - Cell and Cell Reactions.
12. Electromotive Force (EMF) of a Galvanic Cell and its measurement.
13. Nernst Equation and its Measurement.
14. Relationship Between Cell Potential and Gibbs Energy Change.
15. Dry Cell and Lead Accumulator.
16. Fuel Cells.

Study Materials

1. Electrochemistry.

Realted Videos

ELECTROCHEMISTRY.

3. CHEMICAL KINETICS

1. Rate of Reaction.
2. Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction: Concentration, Temperature , Catalysts.
3. Elementary and Complex Reactions.
4. Order and Molecularity of Reaction.
5. Rate Law.
6. Rate Constant and Its Units.
7. Differential and Integral Forms of Zero and First Order Reactions.
8. Their Characteristics and Half-Life.
9. The Effect of Temperature on The Rate of Reactions.
10. Arrhenius Theory.
11. Activation Energy and Its Calculation.
12. Collision Theory of Bimolecular Gaseous Reactions (No Derivation).

Study Materials

1. Chemical Kinetics.

Realted Videos

CHEMICAL KINETICS.

4. p- BLOCK ELEMENTS

1. General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups.
2. Group 13 Elements (Nitrogen Family).
3. Group 14 Elements (Oxygen Family).
2. Group 15 Elements (Nitrogen Family).
3. Group 16 Elements (Oxygen Family).
4. Group 17 Elements (Halogen Family).
5. Group 18 Elements (Noble Gases).
6. Electronic Configuration of Group 13 Elements.
7. Electronic Configuration of Group 14 Elements.
6. Electronic Configuration of Group 15 Elements.
7. Electronic Configuration of Group 16 Elements.
8. Electronic Configuration of Group 17 Elements.
9. Electronic Configuration of Group 18 Elements.
10. Physical and Chemical Properties of Group 13 Elements.
11. Physical and Chemical Properties of Group 14 Elements.
10. Physical and Chemical Properties of Group 15 Elements.
11. Physical and Chemical Properties of Group 16 Elements.
12. Physical and Chemical Properties of Group 17 Elements.
13. Physical and Chemical Properties of Group 18 Elements.
14. Unique Behaviour of Nitrogen.
15. Unique Behaviour of Boron.
14. Unique Behaviour of Carbon.
15. Unique Behaviour of Oxygen.
16. Unique Behaviour of Fluorine.
17. Unique Behaviour of Helium.
18. Periodic Trends Across Periods.
19. Periodic Trends Down the Groups.

Study Materials

1. The p-block Elements 01.
2. The p-Block Elements 02.

Realted Videos

p- BLOCK ELEMENTS.

5. d - AND f- BLOCK ELEMENTS

1. Transition Elements.
2. General Introduction.
3. Electronic Configuration .
4. Occurrence and Characteristics.
5. General Trends in Properties of The First Row Transition Elements - Physical Properties.
6. Ionization Enthalpy.
7. Oxidation States.
8. Atomic Radii.
9. Colour.
10. Catalytic Behaviour.
11. Magnetic Properties.
12. Complex Formation.
13. Interstitial Compounds.
14. Alloy Formation.
15. Preparation,Properties.
16. Uses of Potassium Dichromate ( K2Cr2O7 ) and Potassium Permanganate ( KMnO4 ).
17. Inner Transition Elements.
18. Lanthanoids.
19. Electronic Configuration of Lanthanoids.
20. Oxidation States of Lanthanoids.
21. Lanthanoid Contraction.
22. Consequences of Lanthanoid Contraction.
23. Actinoids.
24. Electronic Configuration of Actinoids.
25. Oxidation States of Actinoids.
26. Comparison Between Actinoids and Lanthanoids.

Study Materials

1. The d- and f- Block Element .

Realted Videos

d - AND f- BLOCK ELEMENTS.

6. CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS

1. Introduction to Coordination Compounds.
2. Werner's Theory.
3. Ligands.
4. Coordination Number.
5. Denticity.
6. Chelation.
7. IUPAC Nomenclature of Mononuclear Coordination Compounds.
8. Isomerism in Coordination Compounds.
9. Bonding - Valence Bond Approach and Basic Ideas of Crystal Field Theory.
10. Crystal Field Theory (CFT).
12. Colour and Magnetic Properties.
13. Importance of Co-Ordination Compounds (In Qualitative Analysis, Extraction of Metals and In Biological Systems).

Study Materials

1. Coordination Compounds.

Realted Videos

CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS.

7. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HALOGENS

1. General Methods of Preparation.
2. Properties and Reactions.
3. Nature of C-X Bond.
4. Mechanisms of Substitution Reactions.
5. Uses; Environmental Effects of Chloroform.
6. Iodoform Freons and DDT.

Study Materials

1. Haloalkanes & Haloarenes.

Realted Videos

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HALOGENS.

8. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN ( Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers )

1. General Methods of Preparation
2.Properties,
3. Reactions and Uses
4. Alcohols.
5. Nomenclature of Alcohols.
6. Methods of Preparation of Alcohols.
7. Physical Properties of Alcohols.
8. Chemical Properties of Primary Alcohols.
9. Identification of Primary Alcohols.
10. Identification of Secondary Alcohols.
11. Identification of Tertiary Alcohols.
12. Mechanism of Dehydration of Alcohols.
13. Phenols.
14. Nomenclature of Phenols.
15. Methods of Preparation of Phenols.
16. Physical Properties of Phenols.
17. Chemical Properties of Phenols.
18. Acidic Nature of Phenol.
19. Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Phenols.
20. halogenation..
21. nitration and sulphonation
22. Reimer - Tiemann reaction
23. Ethers.
24. Nomenclature of Ethers.
25. Methods of Preparation of Ethers.
26. Physical Properties of Ethers.
27. Chemical Properties of Ethers.
28. Uses of Ethers.

Study Materials

1. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers.

Realted Videos

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN ( Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers ).

9. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN ( Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids )

1. Aldehydes.
2. Ketones.
3. Nomenclature of Aldehydes.
4. Nomenclature of Ketones.
5. Carbonyl Group.
6. Nature of Carbonyl Group.
7. Methods of Preparation of Aldehydes.
8. Methods of Preparation of Ketones.
9. Physical Properties of Aldehydes.
10. Physical Properties of Ketones.
11. Chemical Properties of Aldehydes.
12. Chemical Properties of Ketones.
13. Nucleophilic Addition to >C=O Group, Relative Reactivities of Aldehydes and Ketones.
14. Important Reactions Such As - Nucleophilic Addition Reactions (Addition of HCN. NH3, and its Derivatives).
15. Grignard Reagent.
16. Oxidation.
17. Reduction (Wolf Kishner and Clemmensen).
18. The Acidity Alpha-hydrogen.
19. A Hydrogen in Aldehydes.
20. Reactivity of Alpha Hydrogen in Aldehydes.
21. Aldol Condensation.
22. Cannizzaro Reaction.
23. Haloform Reaction.
24. Chemical Tests to Distinguish Between Aldehydes and Ketones.
25. Carboxylic Acids.
26. Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids.
27. Acidic Strength and Factors Affecting Carboxylic Acids.
28. Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic Acids.
29. Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids.
30. Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids.
31. Uses of Carboxylic Acids.

Study Materials

1. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids.

Realted Videos

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN ( Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids ).

10. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN

1. General Methods of Preparation
2. Properties
3. Reactions and Uses.
4. Amines.
5. Nomenclature of Amines.
6. Classification of Amines.
7. Structure of Amines.
8. Physical Properties of Amines.
9. Chemical Properties of Amines.
10. Basic Character of Primary Amines.
11. Basic Character of Secondary Amines.
12. Basic Character of Tertiary Amines.
13. Identification of Primary Amines.
14. Identification of Secondary Amines.
15. Identification of Tertiary Amines.
16. Diazonium Salts.
17. Preparation of Diazonium Salts.
18. Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts.
19. Importance of Diazonium Salts in Synthetic Organic Chemistry.

Study Materials

1. Amines.

Realted Videos

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN.

11. BIOMOLECULES

1. General Introduction and Importance of Biomolecules.
3. Carbohydrates.
4. Classification of Carbohydrates.
5. Aldoses and Ketoses.
6. Monosaccharides ( Glucose and Fructose ) and Constituent Monosaccharides of Oligosaccharides ( Sucrose , Lactose and Maltose ).
6. Proteins.
7. Elementary Idea of -Amino Acids.
8. Peptide Bond.
9. Polypeptides.
10. Structure of Proteins.
11. Primary Structure of Proteins.
12. Secondary Structure of Proteins.
13. Tertiary Structure of Proteins.
14. Quaternary Structure of Proteins ( Qualitative Idea Only ).
15. Denaturation of Proteins.
16. Enzymes.
17. Hormones.
18. Elementary Concept of Hormones.
19. Vitamins.
20. Classification of Vitamins.
21. Functions of Vitamins.
22. Nucleic Acids.
23. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid).
24. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid).
25. Biological Functions of Nucleic Acids.

Study Materials

1. Biomolecules.

Realted Videos

BIOMOLECULES.

Biology

Class XI :

CHAPTER 1 ( UNIT I: DIVERSITY IN LIVING WORLD )

This Unit Provides The Foundational Understanding of Biological Classification and The Vast Variety of Life Forms on Earth. It Is a High-Yield Area for NEET as it Introduces Taxonomic Hierarchy and The Characteristics of Different Kingdoms.

1. What is Living.
2. Biodiversity : Need for Classification.
3. Three Domains of Life.
4. Taxonomy & Systematics : Concept of Species and Taxonomical Hierarchy.
5. Binomial Nomenclature.

Study Materials

1. The Living World.
2. Kingdom Plantae.

Realted Videos

DIVERSITY IN LIVING WORLD 01.
DIVERSITY IN LIVING WORLD 02.

Chapter 2 ( UNIT I: DIVERSITY IN LIVING WORLD )

1. Five Kingdom Classification.
2. Salient Features and Classification of Monera.
3. Protista and Fungi Into Major Groups.
4. Lichens.
5. Viruses and Viroids.

Chapter 3 ( UNIT I: DIVERSITY IN LIVING WORLD )

1. Salient Features and Classification of Plants into Major Groups-Algae.
2. Bryophytes.
3. Pteridophytes.
4. Gymnosperms ( Three to Five Salient and Distinguishing Features and at least Two Examples of Each Category).
5. Characteristic Features and Examples.

Chapter 4 ( UNIT I: DIVERSITY IN LIVING WORLD )

1. Animal Kingdom.
2. Salient Features and Classification of Animals.
3. Nonchordate up to Phyla Level and Chordate up to Class Level (Three to Five Salient Features and at least Two Examples).

Chapter 5 ( UNIT II: STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS )

1. Morphology of Flowering Plants Morphology Deals With The External Structure and Forms of Plants.

The Root: Types of root systems (tap, fibrous, adventitious), regions of the root, and modifications for support, storage, and respiration.
The Stem: Characteristics, nodes and internodes, and modifications (tendrils, thorns, phylloclades).
The Leaf: Structure, venation (reticulate and parallel), types of leaves (simple and compound), phyllotaxy, and modifications.
The Inflorescence: Racemose and cymose patterns.
The Flower: Parts of a flower, ovary position (hypogynous, perigynous, epigynous), and symmetry (actinomorphic, zygomorphic).
The Fruit and Seed: Structure of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous seeds.
Technical Description of Families: Floral features and diagrams of family Solanaceae.

Study Materials

1. Morphology of Flowering Plants.
2. Structural organisation in Animals.
3. The Earthworm part - I.
4. The Frog Part - I.
5. Biomolecules.
6. Biomolecules.
7. Polysaccharides and Nucleic Acids.
8. Proteins and their Structure.
9. Nature of Bond Linking Monomers in a Polymer.
10. Metabolism, Metabolic Basis for Living and The Living State.
11. Enzymes Part 1.

Realted Videos

STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS.

Chapter 6 ( UNIT II: STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS )

1. Anatomy of Flowering Plants Anatomy Explores The Internal Organization of Tissues.
2. The Comparison Between Monocots and Dicots Remains a High-Weightage Area.
3. The Tissue System.
4. Epidermal Tissue System.
5. Ground Tissue System and Vascular Tissue System (Xylem and Phloem).
6. Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants.
7. Internal Structure of Roots.
8. Stems and Leaves.
9. Secondary Growth.
10. Though Reduced in Recent Updates.
11. Understanding The Basic Concept of Cambium Activity is Helpful for Conceptual Clarity.

Chapter 7 ( UNIT II: STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS )

1. Animal Tissues.
2. Classification.
3. Structure and Location of Epithelial.
4. Connective.
5. Muscular and Neural Tissues.
6. Organ and Organ System.
7. Basic Introduction to How Tissues Form Functional Organs.
8. Morphology and Anatomy of Frog.
9. Following Recent NMC Updates.
10. The Study of The Frog (Rana Tigrina) Has Become a Primary Focus.
11. You Must Cover The Digestive.
12. Circulatory.
13. Respiratory.
14. Nervous.
15. Excretory and Reproductive Systems.
16. Morphology and Anatomy of Cockroach.
17. Detailed Study of the External Features and Internal Systems ( Digestive, Circulatory, Respiratory, Nervous, and reproductive) of an Insect.
18. Morphology of Flowering Plants External Structures Floral Formulas.
19. Root/Stem/Leaf Modifications.
20. Inflorescence Types Anatomy of Flowering Plants Internal Tissues Vascular Bundle arrangements.
21. Dicot vs Monocot Differences Structural Org.
22. In Animals Tissues & Systems Epithelial Tissues.
23. Connective Tissues.
24. Frog & Cockroach Anatomy Unit III.
25. Cell: Structure and Functions.

Chapter 8 ( UNIT II: STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS )

1. Cell.
2. The Unit of Life Cell Theory.
3. Historical Background and The Modern Definition of The Cell.
4. Prokaryotic Cells.
5. Detailed Structure of Bacterial Cells.
6. Envelope and Inclusion Bodies.
7. Eukaryotic Cells.
8. In-Depth Study of Organelles Including Mitochondria.
9. Chloroplasts.
10. Ribosomes.
11. Cytoskeleton.
12. Cilia.
13. Flagella and The Nucleus.

Chapter 9 ( UNIT II: STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS )

1. Biomolecules Chemical Constituents.
2. Analysis of Primary and Secondary Metabolites.
3. Structure of Macromolecules.
4. Understanding Proteins (Amino Acids).
5. Polysaccharides and Nucleic Acids (DNA/RNA).
6. Enzymes.
7. Classification.
8. Nomenclature and The Mechanism of Enzyme Action Including Factors Affecting Activity ( pH, Temperature ).

Chapter 10 ( UNIT III: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION )

1. Cell Theory and Cell as the Basic Unit of Life.
2. Structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell.
3. Plant Cell and Animal Cell.
4. Cell Envelope.
5. Cell Membrane.
6. Cell Wall.
7. Cell Organellesstructure and Function.
8. Endomembrane System-Endoplasmic Reticulum.
9. Golgi Bodies.
10. Lysosomes.
11. Vacuoles.
12. Mitochondria.
13. Ribosomes.
14. Plastids.
15. Micro Bodies.
16. Cytoskeleton.
17. Cilia.
18. Flagella.
19. Centrioles (Ultra Structure and Function).
20. Nucleus-Nuclear Membrane.
21. Chromatin.
22. Nucleolus.

Realted Videos

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION.

Chapter 11 ( UNIT III: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION )

1. Chemical Constituents of Living Cells.
2. Biomolecules-Structure and Function of Proteins.
3. Carbodydrates.
4. Lipids.
5. Nucleic Acids.
6. Enzymes-Types.
7. Properties.
8. Enzyme Action.
9. Classification.
10. Nomenclature of Anzymes.

Chapter 12 ( UNIT III: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION )

1. B Cell Division.
2. Cell Cycle.
3. Mitosis.
4. Meiosis.
5. Their Significance.

Chapter 11 ( UNIT IV: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY )

This unit covers the essential metabolic and growth processes in plants, emphasizing internal mechanisms over morphology.

1. Photosynthesis.
2. Photosynthesis as a Means of Autotrophic Nutrition.
3. Site of Photosynthesis Take Place.
4. pigments Involved in Photosynthesis (Elementary Idea).
5. Photochemical and Biosynthetic Phases of Photosynthesis.
6. Cyclic and Non Cyclic and Photophosphorylation.
7. Chemiosmotic Hypothesis.
8. Hotorespiration C3 and C4 Pathways.
9. Factors affecting photosynthesis.

Study Materials

1. Transport in Plants.
2. Plant-Water Relations.
3. Long Distance Transport of Water.
4. Transpiration.
5. Uptake and Transport of Mineral Nutrients.
6. Phloem Transport.
7. Mineral Nutrition.
8. Methods to Study Mineral Requirements of Plants.
9. Mechanism of Absorption of Elements and Translocation.
10. Soil as a Reservoir of Essential Elements.
11. Metabolism of Nitrogen.
12. Nodule Formation.
13. Photosynthesis in Higher Plants.
14. Requirements of Photosynthesis.
15. Mechanism of Photosynthesis.
16. Biosynthetic Phase.
17. Photorespiration and Factors affecting Photosynthesis.

Realted Videos

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY.

Chapter 12 ( UNIT IV: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY )

This unit covers the essential metabolic and growth processes in plants, emphasizing internal mechanisms over morphology.

1. Respiration.
2. Exchange Gases.
3. Cellular Respiration-Glycolysis.
4. Fermentation (Anaerobic).
5. TCA Cycle and Electron Transport System (Aerobic).
6. Energy Relations- Number of ATP Molecules Generated.
7. Amphibolic Pathways.
8. Respiratory Quotient.

Chapter 13 ( UNIT IV: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY )

This unit covers the essential metabolic and growth processes in plants, emphasizing internal mechanisms over morphology.

1. Plant Growth and Development Phases.
2. Seed Germination
3. Phases of Plant Growth and Plant Growth Rate;
4. Conditions of Growth
5. Differentiation.
6. Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation.
7. Sequence of Developmental Process in a Plant Cell.
8. Growth Regulators Auxin.
9. Gibberellins.
10. Cytokinins.
11. Ethylene.
12. ABA.

Chapter 14 ( UNIT V: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY )

The most weightage-heavy unit for NEET 2027, focusing on the complex organ systems of the human body.

1. Breathing and Respiration.
2. Respiratory Organs in Animals (Recall Only).
3. Respiratory System in Humans.
4. Mechanism of Breathing and Its Regulation in Humans-Exchange of Gases.
5. Transport of Gases and Regulation of Respiration Respiratory Volumes.
6. Disorders Related to Respiration-Asthma.
7. Emphysema and Occupational Respiratory Disorders.

Study Materials

1. Digestion and Absorption.
2. Body Fluids and Circulation.
3. Chemical coordination and integration.
4. Neural control and co-ordination.
5. Biological Classification.

Realted Videos

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY.

Chapter 15 ( UNIT V: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY )

The most weightage-heavy unit for NEET 2027, focusing on the complex organ systems of the human body.

1. Body Fluids and Circulation.
2. Composition of Blood.
3. Blood Groups.
4. coagulation of Blood.
5. Composition of Lymph and Its Function.
6. Human Circulatory System-Structure of Human Heart and Blood Vessels.
7. Cardiac Cycle.
8. cardiac Output.
9. ECG.
10. Double Circulation.
11. Regulation of Aardiac Activity.
12. Disorders of Circulatory System-Hypertension.
13. Coronary Artery Disease.
14. Angina Pectoris.
15. Heart Failure.

Chapter 16 ( UNIT V: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY )

The most weightage-heavy unit for NEET 2027, focusing on the complex organ systems of the human body.

1. Excretory Products and Their Elimination.
2. Modes of Excretion- Ammonotelism.
3. Ureotelism.
4. Uricotelism.
5. Human Excretory System-Structure and Fuction.
6. Urine Formation.
7. Osmoregulation.
8. Regulation of Kidney Function-Renin-Angiotensin.
9. Atrial Natriuretic Factor.
10. ADH and Diabetes Insipidus.
11. Role of Other Organs in Excretion.
12. Disorders.
13. Uraemia.
14. Renal failure.
15. Renal calculi.
16. Nephritis.
17. Dialysis and artificial kidney.

Chapter 17 ( UNIT V: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY )

The most weightage-heavy unit for NEET 2027, focusing on the complex organ systems of the human body.

1. Locomotion and Movement.
2. Types of Movement : Ciliary.
3. Flagellar and Muscular Movements.
4. Skeletal Muscle - Contractile Proteins and Muscle Contraction.
5. Skeletal System and Its Functions (To be dealt with the relevant practical of Practical syllabus).
6. Joints.
7. Disorders of Muscular and Skeletal System-Myasthenia Gravis.
8. Tetany.
9. Muscular Dystrophy.
10. Arthritis.
11. Osteoporosis.
12. Gout.

Chapter 18 ( UNIT V: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY )

The most weightage-heavy unit for NEET 2027, focusing on the complex organ systems of the human body.

1. Neural Control and Coordination : Neurons and Nerves.
2. Nervous System in Humanscentral Nervous System.
3. Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System.
4. Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse.

Chapter 19 ( UNIT V: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY )

The most weightage-heavy unit for NEET 2027, focusing on the complex organ systems of the human body. Diseases and disorders mentioned above to be dealt in brief.

1. Chemical Coordination and Regulation.
2. Endocrine Glands and Hormones.
3. Human Endocrine System-Hypothalamus.
4. Pituitary.
5. Pineal.
6. Thyroid.
7. Parathyroid.
8. Adrenal.
9. Pancreas.
10. Gonads.
11. Mechanism of Hormone Action (Elementary Idea).
12. Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators.
13. Hypo-and Hyperactivity and Related Disorders ( Common Disorders e.g. Dwarfism ).
14. Acromegaly.
15. Cretinism.
16. Goiter.
17. Exopthalmic Goiter.
18. Diabetes.
19. Addison’s Disease.

Biology

Class XII :

Chapter 1 ( UNIT VI: REPRODUCTION )

1. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants : Flower structure.
2. Development of Male and Female Gametophytes.
3. Pollination - Types.
4. Agencies and Examples.
5. Outbreeding Devices.
6. Pollen-Pistil Interaction.
7. Double Fertilization.
8. post fertilization events.
9. Development of Endosperm and Embryo.
10. Development of Seed and Formation of Fruit.
11. Special Modes.
12. Apomixis.
13. Parthenocarpy.
14. Polyembryony.
15. Significance of Seed Dispersal and Fruit Formation.

Study Materials

1. Reproduction In Organisms.

Realted Videos

REPRODUCTION.

Chapter 2 ( UNIT VI: REPRODUCTION )

1. Human Reproduction Male and Female Reproductive Systems.
2. Microscopic Anatomy of Testis and Ovary.
3. Gametogenesis - Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis.
4. Menstrual Cycle.
5. Fertilisation.
6. Embryo Development Upto Blastocyst Formation.
7. Implantation.
8. Pregnancy and Placenta Formation (Elementary Idea).
9. Parturition (Elementary Idea).
10. Lactation (Elementary Idea).

Chapter 3 ( UNIT VI: REPRODUCTION )

1. Reproductive Health : Need for Reproductive Health and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs).
2. Birth Control.
3. Need and Methods.
4. Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP).
5. Amniocentesis.
6. Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies.
7. IVF.
8. ZIFT.
9. GIFT (Elementary Idea for General Awareness).

Chapter 4 ( UNIT VII: GENETICS AND EVOLUTION )

1. Heredity and variation.
2. Mendelian Inheritance.
3. Deviations From Mendelism - Incomplete Dominance.
4. Co-Dominance.
5. Multiple Alleles and Inheritance of Blood Groups.
6. Pleiotropy.
7. Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance.
8. Chromosome Theory of Inheritance.
9. Chromosomes and Genes.
10. Sex Determination in Humans.
11. Birds and Honey Bee.
12. Linkage and Crossing Over.
13. Sex Linked Inheritance.
14. Haemophilia.
15. Colour Blindness.
16. Mendelian Disorders in Humans.
17. Thalassemia.
18. Chromosomal Disorders in Humans.
19. Down's Syndrome.
20. Turner's and Klinefelter's Syndromes.

Study Materials

1. Molecular Basis of Inheritance.
2. Evolution.

Realted Videos

GENETICS AND EVOLUTION.

Chapter 5 ( UNIT VII: GENETICS AND EVOLUTION )

1. Molecular Basis of Inheritance Search for Genetic Material and DNA as Menetic Material.
2. Structure of DNA and RNA.
3. DNA Packaging.
4. DNA Replication.
5. Central Dogma.
6. Transcription.
7. Genetic Code.
8. Translation.
9. Gene Expression and Regulation.
10. Lac Operon.
11. Genome.
12. Human and Rice Genome Projects.
13. DNA Fingerprinting.
14. Protein Biosynthesis.

Chapter 6 ( UNIT VII: GENETICS AND EVOLUTION )

1. Evolution : Origin of Life.
2. Biological Evolution and Evidences for Biological Evolution (Palaeontology, Comparative Anatomy, Embryology and Molecular Evidences).
3. Darwin's Contribution.
4. Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution.
5. Mechanism of Evolution.
6. Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with Examples.
7. Types of Natural Selection.
8. Gene Flow and Genetic Drift.
9. Hardy - Weinberg's Principle.
10. Adaptive Radiation.
11. Human Evolution.

Chapter 7 ( UNIT VIII: BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE )

1. Human Health and Diseases Pathogens.
2. Parasites Causing Human Diseases (Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Filariasis, Ascariasis, Typhoid, Pneumonia, Common Cold, Amoebiasis, Ring Worm, dengue, chikungunya) and Their Control.
3. Basic Concepts of Immunology.
4. Vaccines.
5. Cancer.
6. HIV and AIDS.
7. Adolescence.
8. Drug and Alcohol Abuse.
9. Tobacco Abuse.

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BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE.

Chapter 8 ( UNIT VIII: BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE )

1. Microbes in Human Welfare Microbes in Food Processing.
2. Industrial Production.
3. Sewage Treatment.
4. Energy Generation and Microbes as Bio-Control Agents and Bio-Fertilizers.

Chapter 9 ( UNIT IX: BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS )

1. Principles and Process of Biotechnology.
2. Principles and Processes Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

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BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS.

Chapter 10 ( UNIT IX: BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS )

1. Application of Biotechnology in Health and Agriculture.
2. Human Insulin and Vaccine Production.
3. Gene Therapy.
4. Genetically Modified Organisms.
5. Bt Crops.
6. Transgenic Animals.
7. Biosafety Issues.
8. Biopiracy and Patents.

Chapter 11 ( UNIT X: ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT )

1. Organisms and Environment.
2. Population Interactions.
3. Mutualism.
4. Competition.
5. Predation.
6. Parasitism.
7. population Attributes.
8. Growth.
9. Birth Rate and Death Rate.
10. Age Distribution.

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ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT.

Chapter 12 ( UNIT X: ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT )

1. Ecosystem.
2. Patterns.
3. Components.
4. Productivity and Decomposition.
5. Energy Flow.
6. Pyramids of Number.
7. Biomass.
8. Energy.

Chapter 13 ( UNIT X: ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT )

1. Biodiversity and its Conservation.
2. Biodiversity-Concept.
3. Patterns of Biodiversity.
4. Importance of Biodiversity.
5. Loss of Biodiversity.
6. Biodiversity Conservation.
7. Hotspots.
8. Endangered Organisms.
9. Extinction.
10. Red Data Book.
11. Sacred Groves.
12. Biosphere Reserves.
13. National Parks.
14. Wildlife.
15. Sanctuaries and Ramsar Sites.

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